ESSAY Can the Robot Replace Humans Completely?

     Today, technology is developing rapidly.  Various machines help our lives. Especially, robots are being developing in many developed country.  The other day, I heard that the talking robot was invented.  It was named Pepper.  It can read our feelings, and to my surprise, it has its own feelings.  At that time I thought, “the robot might be like a human.”  So, I was interested in this topic.

 

     Firstly, I introduce robot’s history.  The origin of robots is “robota” and “robotnik”.  “Robota” is the Czech word.  It means the forced labor.  “Robotnik” is the Slovakian word.  It means workers.  Robots were already invented before century.  A Greek inventor, Heron, invented the automatic machine.  In Japan, many mechanical dollswere invented in 17^th century, Edo era.  Mechanical dolls move by springs.  The dollsbringing green tea is very famous.  In 1950, Isaac Asimov proposed “ Three Laws ofRobotics” in his SF novels, and this laws have had a major influence on many scientists studying robots for long time.  The first article of this laws is “The robot must not hurt

human, and must not harm human by overlooking danger.”  The second article is “ Robot must obey the orders which people give.  However, if the order is against the first article, robot doesn’t have to obey it.”  The third article is “ The robots must protect themselves except for the case when they are against the first article and the second article.  In 1960, America announced the robots for industry for the first time in the world.  It was named Unimato.  This robots were improved by Unimation company and Kawasaki Heavy Industry, and introduced the car factory for welding bodies of cars.

 

     Since then, many countries and scientists have continued to study robots, and developed them.  Robots are involving today.  Robots came to do various works.  Some robots work instead of people.  If robots are improved by human more and more, will they replace human?  I will think this topic by advantages of robots and humans.

 

　　　　　Robots have some advantages.  Robots can do the thing which people can not do.  For example, this robot can bring too heavy things.  This robot is about only 12 grams, but it can bring 2000 times heavier things than its weight.  It is amazing.  Stanford University students invented it, and they think that they make use of　it to transportation business.  Rescue Robots is popular among us.  This is one of the rescue robots. It can pass narrow passage which people cannot go by.  It can do rescue operation if people cannot.  They are very useful in the dangerous place.

 

     Moreover, robots can do the thing more rapidly.  Robots are good at working exact operation.  Once they are programed, they repeat same operation.  They are programed to work rapidly, they work so.  Humans cannot keep same pace.  Today, more and more companies introduce robots for elimination of labor.  These things are good points of robots.

 

     Robots seem to be superior to human, but humans have also advantage.  Humans have the brain, but robots don’t have.  It is big difference.  For example, if you work at a factory and you fail to make products, what will you do?  You probably will think why you made a mistake.  And you will try not to fail again.  Can robots do it?  They are only programed.  If they do malfunction, they cannot understand their faults.  In 2009, military robot killed 10 soldiers for malfunction in South Africa.  In Switzerland, a man came near being killed by robot bringing heavy things. It held his head, confusing with rocks.  Robots have possibility to cause serious accident which human never do.  If robots replace human beings completely in the work, this possibility will be higher.

 

.     Robots also don’t have real feelings and sensibility.  Robot having feeling was invented, like Pepper, but this feeling come from result of information processing. For example, one’s temperature, light and shade in the room. So robots cannot have real feelings.  I think that robots cannot understand art, or religion or other thing which involve complex feelings or sensibility.  Therefore, I think that the works like the designer, the architect, or the psychiatrist won’t be replaced by robots.

 

     In conclusion, human beings are inferior to robots at some points, but have things which robots don’t have.  So, I don’t think robots can replace human.  Some experts worry about the possibility that robot will come to control human.  However, who makes and develops robots?  Humans do.  If people feel dangerous about too rapid growth of robots, they can stop developing those.  The position of human beings is higher than that of robots.  You can understand it from Three Laws of Robotics. 

     This topics doesn’t have the right solution.  I think this question is very difficult.  If you get interested in this topic, please think about it.