ESSAY Can the Robot Replace Humans Completely?

     Today, technology is developing rapidly.  Various machines help our lives. Especially, robots are being developing in many developed country.  The other day, I heard that the talking robot was invented.  It was named Pepper.  It can read our feelings, and to my surprise, it has its own feelings.  At that time I thought, “the robot might be like a human.”  So, I was interested in this topic.

 

     Firstly, I introduce robot’s history.  The origin of robots is “robota” and “robotnik”.  “Robota” is the Czech word.  It means the forced labor.  “Robotnik” is the Slovakian word.  It means workers.  Robots were already invented before century.  A Greek inventor, Heron, invented the automatic machine.  In Japan, many mechanical dollswere invented in 17^th century, Edo era.  Mechanical dolls move by springs.  The dollsbringing green tea is very famous.  In 1950, Isaac Asimov proposed “ Three Laws ofRobotics” in his SF novels, and this laws have had a major influence on many scientists studying robots for long time.  The first article of this laws is “The robot must not hurt

human, and must not harm human by overlooking danger.”  The second article is “ Robot must obey the orders which people give.  However, if the order is against the first article, robot doesn’t have to obey it.”  The third article is “ The robots must protect themselves except for the case when they are against the first article and the second article.  In 1960, America announced the robots for industry for the first time in the world.  It was named Unimato.  This robots were improved by Unimation company and Kawasaki Heavy Industry, and introduced the car factory for welding bodies of cars.

 

     Since then, many countries and scientists have continued to study robots, and developed them.  Robots are involving today.  Robots came to do various works.  Some robots work instead of people.  If robots are improved by human more and more, will they replace human?  I will think this topic by advantages of robots and humans.

 

　　　　　Robots have some advantages.  Robots can do the thing which people can not do.  For example, this robot can bring too heavy things.  This robot is about only 12 grams, but it can bring 2000 times heavier things than its weight.  It is amazing.  Stanford University students invented it, and they think that they make use of　it to transportation business.  Rescue Robots is popular among us.  This is one of the rescue robots. It can pass narrow passage which people cannot go by.  It can do rescue operation if people cannot.  They are very useful in the dangerous place.

 

     Moreover, robots can do the thing more rapidly.  Robots are good at working exact operation.  Once they are programed, they repeat same operation.  They are programed to work rapidly, they work so.  Humans cannot keep same pace.  Today, more and more companies introduce robots for elimination of labor.  These things are good points of robots.

 

     Robots seem to be superior to human, but humans have also advantage.  Humans have the brain, but robots don’t have.  It is big difference.  For example, if you work at a factory and you fail to make products, what will you do?  You probably will think why you made a mistake.  And you will try not to fail again.  Can robots do it?  They are only programed.  If they do malfunction, they cannot understand their faults.  In 2009, military robot killed 10 soldiers for malfunction in South Africa.  In Switzerland, a man came near being killed by robot bringing heavy things. It held his head, confusing with rocks.  Robots have possibility to cause serious accident which human never do.  If robots replace human beings completely in the work, this possibility will be higher.

 

.     Robots also don’t have real feelings and sensibility.  Robot having feeling was invented, like Pepper, but this feeling come from result of information processing. For example, one’s temperature, light and shade in the room. So robots cannot have real feelings.  I think that robots cannot understand art, or religion or other thing which involve complex feelings or sensibility.  Therefore, I think that the works like the designer, the architect, or the psychiatrist won’t be replaced by robots.

 

     In conclusion, human beings are inferior to robots at some points, but have things which robots don’t have.  So, I don’t think robots can replace human.  Some experts worry about the possibility that robot will come to control human.  However, who makes and develops robots?  Humans do.  If people feel dangerous about too rapid growth of robots, they can stop developing those.  The position of human beings is higher than that of robots.  You can understand it from Three Laws of Robotics. 

     This topics doesn’t have the right solution.  I think this question is very difficult.  If you get interested in this topic, please think about it.

WHO suggested that the cigarette tax should be raised

       WHO suggested that all countries should raise the cigarette tax to 75% at the least.
WHO  pointed that the number of countries which work on stopping harm of smoking at the aspect of tax.
      According to WHO, the number of people who die becausse of smoking is about six million a year.  This means that one person dies every six minutes.  If countries don't carry on the measure which WHO suggested, Tabacco Epidemic, this number will bw over eight million by 2030.  

A man suicided himself in the Shinkansen

     On June 30th, a man suicided himself in the Toukaido Shinkansen.  He poured gasoline on himself, and burnt himself.  Of course, He died, but a woman also died because she had difficulity in breathing.  I got angry when I heard this news.  A woman didn't know him. She was killed by accident. 
     I want for JR to tighten the check of baggage.

About Presentation

Title: Can robots take the place of human?

Main idea: Robots have some advantage or disadvantage points in comparison to human.
                  I think that robots can not replace human.

WRITHING GLOBAL ECONOMY

     I think abou the association between the poverty and the terrorism.  The poverty can lead the terrorism.
     In China, there are 200 poor villages around Peking and 154 thousand people are poor.
     In 2009, the income a per one person of 25 poor villages around capital city is one thirds of perfectures and wards around Peking.
     There are some reasons.  First, though the environment is too bad and the economy power reached the limit, the government doesn't help them sufficiently.  Second, the government carries the policy of limited development out.  25 poor villages are sources of water and the barrier of ecosystem, so the government limits development for protecting these things.  For example, the prohibition against grazing, the regulation against aguriculture.  As a result, the gap of development between these villages and capital city.
     People who live in these village want to develop theire lives, but the government prevents them from developing.  They must have the hostility to the government, so people who try to act terrorism will probably show up.  For this case, I think that the poverty will lead the terrorism.

WRITHING ROYAL FAMILY debate

     I think that the photograh which the publisher took is illegal.  The publisher should have paid fines.
     Of course, there are some opposing opinion.  For example, Kate should not go out if she doesn't want to be taken photo of the sunbathing topless.  She can have been able to imagine the possibility of being seen by someone.  She was taken photo because she was careless.
     Howerver, she is Duchess.  She is not the common person.  She shoulders the United Kingdom.  What do you think if someone shows you the photo of the leader of your country getting naked? You will feel unpleasant and be disappointed at him or her. If this photo was shown to the public, the dignity of royal family would have went down.  People who are in other countories would feel bad.
     For this reason, I think that the topless photo should not have been carried in the magazine, and the publishe should have been fined because of damaging the honor of the royal family.

The Waseda University's failure

     Waseda University leaked  the personal imformations of 3300 people on June 22.
    
     Waseda University had not realized it for half year.
    
     They announced that they would tighten  the administration of imformation andthe measure of

security.

TRIVIA NEWS

     On June 8, a man broke into the room of mayor of Takahagi City of Ibaraki.  He shouted out, '' I am the mayor ! "  He said, ''I have been the mayor since last Friday. "  He was sitting on the chair of the mayor for twenty minutes.
     The real mayor, Masayo Odagi, didn't arrived the municipal office yet.
     Some city employees were needed to pull the man apart from the chair because he held it tightly.  The police caught him, but the reason why he did that thing are still uncertain.

WRITING REVIEWS IN THE NEWS MEDIA

     Have you written some reviews? It has some good points.
     First, it is fun to watch movies, listen music or read books with thinking good points and bad points.  You can be more interested in those works.
     Writhing reviews is also good opportunity that you consider some movies, books and so on.  You can realize many favorite points which you could not find before.
     For these reasons, I think that wiriting reviews is wondweful thing.

WRITING HEALTH

     I think that people have the right to choose their own lives.  However, it is difficult to decide whether people have the right to die or not.  If the doctor help for a patient to die, some people will consider it as murder.  It is necessary to standardize thoughts of societies to admit death with dignity.

The Heat Wave in India

     On May 25th, India announced that 430 people has died by heat wave.  It is fifty degrees in some areas.  In Andhra Pradesh, 246 people died in a week, and government advises wokers not to work so long time in the day time.  In  telangana, 188 people has died since April.  The maximum temperature is fourty nine degrees in this state.  It won't be colder for a while.
     I think that the problem of global warming become more and more serious.

Film Review

     This is an animated movie directed by Chris Buck and Jennifer Lee.  This movie was a great success all over the world, and won an Academy Award for the feature animated film.
     This movie has some good points.  First, pictures are very beautiful.  Queen Elsa who is one of main characters can use ice magic.  She uses it many times in the movie and makes much snow and snow crystals.  Especially, the castle which Elsa makes by ice reflects sunlight and shines.  Those are clear and very beautiful.  The expression of ice and snow is spectacular.
     Second, inserted songs are wonderful.  All songs have pleasant melodies.  Moreover, all lyrics express feelings and situations of singing characters.  For example, ''For the first time in forever'' expresses Anna's feeling of joy for the coronation and Elsa's fear of her secret's coming to light.  "Let it go" expresses Elsa's decision of living by herself.  These songs give audiences fun and help for them to understand characters.
     However, this movie has also bad points.  The story is monotonous.  This movie doesn't have exciting actions or romance.  Anna falls in love with Kristoff finally, but the reason is uncertain.  Futhermore, though Elsa is one of main characters, she doesn't almost play an active part.  She continues to take a negative attitude until the late movie.  She doesn't seem to be a main character.  Kristoff who acts with Anna seems to be a main character than Elsa.
     Those are points which I'm not satisfied with.

Presentation

     On May 18th, an unbelievable incident happened.  Only fifteen-year-old boy killed his mother and grandmother with a knife.  After he killed them, he changed his bloody clothes, and surrendered himself to the police.  He had the knife which he used to kill them.  According to an announcement of police, in the morning when this incident happened, his mother and grandmother complained of his grade, and he got angry at it, murdered them.
    
     Police continue to investigate the boy.

Last night lightning

     Last night, strong wind and heavy rain raged.  The atmosphere was unstable, so it was thundering.  In Kanto, many families had power failures.  At four o'clock today, two thousand four hundred families had it  in Saitama, Tochigi, and so on.  It is surprising!
     I couldn't sleep well last night because the sound of lightning was very loud.  I'm very happy that it is fine this morning.

A fifteen-year-old boy became a murderer

     On May 18, fifteen-year-old boy killed his mother and grandmother.  In the morning, he got angry because they warned him about his grade attitude for study, and he slashed at them with a knife.
     I believe that young boy committed a murder.  This is terrible incident.

WRITING-TECHNOLOGY

     Do you know the electric ticket?  This is one of the technology developement.
     If you want to see the concert, you will buy the ticket before you go to the concert hall.   Most of tickets are made of paper today, so if you tear those by accident, you will not be able to enter the hall.  Moreover, if you forget to bring those, you also won't be able to enter there.  However, the electric tickets invented today.  This ticket needs only a smartphone.  You can buy the ticket on the Internet with your smartphone.  All things you have to do is to bring your smartphone to the concert hall.  You bring your smartphone to the hall, show the ticket screen to staff members, and can enter the concert hall.  Staff members push a stamp on the screen,  and marks show up there.  This is the sign which they checked the ticket properly.  It is very easy to enter the hall, and you need not worry about tearing or forgettimg tickets.  It is because smartphones are solid and Most of people probably carry those everyday.
     This system is used in Japan.  EMTG (Entertainment Music Ticket Guard) which sells tickets of musicians' concerts uses it.  You can not only buy tickets on its website, but also exchange your ticket with others or give it to others if you get something to do on the day when you go to the concert.
     It is very useful.   I think the electric ticket is one of  wonderful inventions.

Typhoon No.6 is coming

     Typhoon No.6 is approaching Japan.  Okinawa will turn into a raging rainstorm around tonight.  Tomorrow, it will land Honshu, so Saitama where I live also will enter the tayphoon's storm zone.
  
     I worry about heavy rain.  I hope that the Typhoon passes quickly.

My thought of the paperless office

     I read about the paperless office at last week class.  That reading tells the possibility of the
paperless office.  However, I don't think that the office become so.    We can do many things by
paper.  For example, we can write things on it whenever we want to write.  We can not write　quikly　if  we don't have paper.  The computer or other digital equipments, we must start up these.  Also, it　is very light, so it is easy to bring.  Moreover, we need not worry about hacking or computer virus. 
  
     Paper is so useful and has some advantages.  I think that paper will continue to remain at the heart of our lives.

Hello.

   I'm nagomi.
   I go to the university.
   I like drawning pictures very much.  I was a member of the art club when I was a junior high school student, and I still draw, or write many picture everyday. It is very fun to draw my favorite scene or characters!
   I also like going to art museums.  In this winter, I went to Hakone, and visited many art museums.  It was very wonderful.  If you go there, you will also find it very fun to see many works.